What is Andrology?

Andrology is a clinical field of medicine that deals specifically with the urological problems and male reproductive health problems particular to men. It involves diagnosing and treating disorders of the male reproductive tract, such as infertility, impotence, erectile dysfunction, endocrine disorders, and others.

Conditions Handled by Andrologists

An andrologist treats numerous health problems of the male kind, including:

• Male Infertility: Problems like inadequate sperm count, decreased sperm motility, or abnormal sperm structure.
• Erectile Dysfunction (ED): Failure to attain or sustain an erection appropriate for sexual activity.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Low testosterone levels causing libido and general health issues.
• Varicocele: Swelling of veins in the scrotum, which can affect fertility.
• Testicular Disorders: Testicular torsion, infections, or tumors.
• Prostate Issues: Prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Andrologist vs. Urologist:  Let’s understand the Difference

Although both andrologists and urologists treat male health, their focus areas are different:Urologist: Deals with the urinary tract system of both men and women, treating conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and bladder issues.Andrologist: Deals specifically with male reproductive health, treating conditions such as infertility, ED, and hormonal imbalances.  Essentially, all andrologists are urologists with further specialization in male reproductive health, but not all urologists are andrologists.

Need to Consult an Andrologist

Men with reproductive health problems should seek the advice of an andrologist for expert treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly enhance results, particularly for infertility or hormonal disorders.

Conclusion:

Andrology is an important aspect of treating male reproductive health issues. Knowing its scope and what andrologists specialize in can help men seek proper treatment. If you’re facing challenges related to male reproductive health, don’t hesitate to consult a qualified andrologist for personalized care and discussion regarding available treatment options. For more information or to schedule a consultation, feel free to contact us.

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What is Fertility Preservation?

Fertility preservation refers to saving reproductive potential for future use. It’s especially important for:

• Individuals undergoing medical treatments like chemotherapy or radiotherapy
• Those with a family history of early menopause or infertility
• People who are not yet ready for parenthood due to personal or professional reasons

Common Fertility Preservation Methods

1. Egg Freezing (Oocyte Cryopreservation)
Mature eggs are retrieved after ovarian stimulation and frozen for future use.

2. Embryo Freezing
Fertilized embryos are created through IVF and stored safely until you’re ready to conceive.

3. Sperm Freezing
A simple and effective method for men to preserve fertility before treatments or aging.

4. Ovarian Tissue Freezing
An emerging option in selected cases. It’s in experimental stage presently.

How ART Helps in Fertility Preservation

ART goes beyond helping couples conceive—it’s also a proactive way to safeguard future reproductive potential.

1. Egg Freezing

Women in their 20s and 30s who are not ready for parenthood can freeze their eggs after stimulation and retrieval. These eggs can later be fertilized via IVF or ICSI and the resulting embryos can be transferred to the uterus.

2. Embryo Freezing

Couples who wish to preserve embryos (fertilized eggs) often choose this method for its higher success rates in comparison to egg freezing.

3. Before Cancer or Medical Treatment

Patients planned for chemotherapy or radiotherapy are strongly advised to freeze their eggs, sperm, or embryos before treatment, as these therapies can negatively affect fertility.

Why Consider Fertility Preservation?

• Delaying motherhood or fatherhood for career or personal reasons
• Facing a diagnosis like cancer or endometriosis
• Family history of premature menopause or infertility
• As a backup plan during IVF treatment
• Simply for peace of mind and future flexibility

Take Control of Your Future Fertility

Fertility preservation through ART empowers you to make informed choices about when and how to start a family. Whether you’re focused on your career, navigating a health condition, or not mentally ready yet, ART gives you options.

Are you ready to explore your Fertility Preservation options ?

Book a consultation with Dr Shikha Sardana, your fertility specialist today.
We’ll guide you through your options and help create a personalized plan for your future.

Call us to schedule your appointment:
7508909912
Dr Shikha Sardana
Best Fertility specialist in Chandigarh
Best Gynecologist in Chandigarh

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Ultrasounds have become a common medical procedure that provides valuable diagnostic information without using radiation. However, with any medical procedure, concerns about safety arise. So, are ultrasounds safe? In this article, we will explore everything you need to know about ultrasounds, including their safety, benefits, risks, and potential side effects. Are Ultrasounds Safe? Everything You Need to Know

Introduction:
Ultrasound technology has come a long way since its beginnings. Today, it is one of the most widely used diagnostic tools in the medical industry. Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the internal structures of the body. It is used to diagnose various medical conditions, including pregnancy, cancer, and heart disease. While the safety of ultrasounds has been debated, most medical professionals consider them to be safe and non-invasive. In this article, we will dive into the details of ultrasounds, their safety, and everything you need to know about them.

How Do Ultrasounds Work?
Ultrasound technology works by using high-frequency sound waves that are transmitted into the body. These sound waves bounce off internal organs and tissues, creating echoes that are then detected by the ultrasound machine. The machine then processes the echoes to create images of the body’s internal structures.

What Are the Benefits of Ultrasound?
Ultrasounds provide a range of benefits in the medical field. They are noninvasive, painless, and do not use ionizing radiation, which can cause damage to the body’s cells. They are also relatively inexpensive and can provide
valuable diagnostic information quickly. Ultrasounds are commonly used in pregnancy to assess

• Pregnancy location
• Pregnancy viability
• Pregnancy growth
• Anomaly scan
• Position of baby
• Pregnancy dopplers
• Cervical length

Ultrasound guided invasive procedures like Amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling or Fetal reduction

Are Ultrasounds Safe?
The safety of ultrasounds is a common concern raised by patients during pregnancy. However, most medical professionals agree that they are safe when used properly. Ultrasounds do not use ionizing radiation, which can cause damage to the body’s cells. However, they do use high-frequency sound waves that can produce heat, which can be harmful if used for prolonged periods. What Are the Risks of Ultrasound? The procedure has some risks, including:
• Heat production: Ultrasounds produce heat, which can be harmful if used for prolonged periods.
• Fetal exposure: While ultrasounds are commonly used during pregnancy, there is a potential risk to the fetus, although this is considered minimal.

What Are the Rare Side Effects of Ultrasound? These include:
• Skin irritation: The gel used during the ultrasound can cause skin irritation.
• Dizziness: Some patients may experience dizziness during the procedure.

Conclusion
Ultrasounds are generally considered safe and non-invasive diagnostic tools that can provide valuable information about a patient’s health. While there are some potential risks associated with using ultrasounds, such as overheating of tissues and exposure to high-frequency sound waves, these risks are extremely low when the procedure is performed by a qualified healthcare professional. Overall, they are generally considered to be safe and effective diagnostic tools when used properly.

In fact there is a study, that has followed babies where pregnancy ultrasounds were done. The follow up was done for 30 years and no significant harmful effect was found. Patients should always consult with their healthcare provider about any concerns they may have regarding ultrasounds or any other medical procedures.

To find the most effective Gynecologist in Chandigarh or Pregnancy care expert, It is essential to conduct your own research and request recommendations from reliable sources. Choose a Gynecologist who is skilled and has a great name in their field. It is also essential to find a doctor who is attentive to your concerns and makes you feel relaxed when you visit.

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Pregnant weight gain should be tailored to your pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). It is essential that both you and your unborn child gain a healthy weight through optimal nutrition during pregnancy.

Eating for a Healthy Pregnancy

Eating nutritiously during your pregnancy is essential. Include fresh produce like fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins and healthy fats like avocados, nuts or fish into your meals to get essential vitamins as well as provide essential fatty acids essential for brain development in your unborn child. Eating these types of foods will not only promote good health during the duration of the pregnancy but will also benefit you afterwards!

It is essential for pregnant women to ensure they receive enough vitamins and minerals. Folate is an especially crucial nutrient for pregnant women, found in foods like spinach, asparagus, and oranges. Iron plays an equally significant role as it helps to maintain haemoglobin levels ( to carry oxygen in blood) iron can be found in fortified cereals, beans,  and lean red meats.

Exercise during Pregnancy

Exercising is an integral part of staying healthy during pregnancy. Low-impact activities like walking, yoga, swimming and strength training can improve cardiovascular health, reduce stress and anxiety levels as well as promote better sleep patterns. Though, before beginning any exercise program though it’s best to consult your doctor first to make sure it’s safe for both you and your unborn child.

Weight Gain and Management

Listen to your body and adjust eating and exercising accordingly. Don’t try to restrict or diet while pregnant as this could have an adverse effect on the baby. Nonetheless, be mindful of portion sizes and try not to overeat.

Studies have demonstrated that healthy pregnancy weight gains are the best predictors for a healthy baby and effortless labor. It is essential to track your weight throughout this time as it will help support the baby’s growth until delivery day, so it’s essential to monitor it carefully each week.

Exercise and diet are the two key ingredients to maintaining a healthy pregnancy weight gain. Combining fit pregnancy workouts with regular visits to your gynecologist in Chandigarh can assist mothers during this crucial stage.

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1.    Incorporate mindfulness into daily routine

Start each day with a short meditation session to clear your mind and focus on the present moment. You can use guided meditations or simply focus on your breath. When you’re feeling stressed or anxious, take a few minutes to focus on your breathing. Take some time each day to focus on the things you’re grateful for. This can be as simple as listing a few things in your head or writing them down in a journal. This can help shift your focus from negative thoughts to positive ones.

2.    Build a support system through friends, family, or support groups

Share your thoughts and feelings with loved ones whom you trust and feel comfortable with. They can provide emotional support and a listening ear.  Connect with others who are going through the same experience. Support groups can provide a sense of community and understanding that can be valuable during this time.

3.    Prioritize self-care through exercise, healthy eating, and rest

Self-care during IVF treatment is important for both physical and mental well-being. Prioritizing exercise, healthy eating, and rest can help improve the chances of a successful IVF treatment. Exercise can help reduce stress and improve overall health. Eating a healthy diet can provide the necessary nutrients for the body to function properly. Adequate rest can also help the body recover and prepare for the next stage of the treatment. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any exercise or dietary regimen during IVF treatment.

4.    Communicate openly and honestly with your life partner

Communication with your partner during IVF treatment is crucial for both emotional and practical reasons. Being open and honest with each other about your feelings, concerns, and expectations can help reduce stress and increase emotional support. It is important to discuss any decisions related to the treatment with your partner and to keep each other informed about appointments, medications, and other details of the treatment. It is also important to remember that IVF treatment can be physically and emotionally taxing, and that communication can help you both navigate the challenges together. Additionally, it can be helpful for both partners to have a support system of friends or family members to talk to during the process.

5.    Consider therapy or counseling to address any emotional challenges

IVF treatment can be a stressful and emotional process, and it is not uncommon for couples to experience a range of emotions such as anxiety, depression, and uncertainty. In such cases, therapy or counseling can be a valuable resource. A therapist or counselor can provide a safe and confidential space to discuss any emotional challenges you and your partner may be experiencing. They can also provide coping strategies and support to help you navigate the process. Additionally, therapy or counseling can also help couples to improve their communication and problem-solving skills, which can be beneficial when dealing with the added stress of IVF treatment. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to learn about the different types of therapy and counseling options available.

In addition to therapy, couples exploring fertility preservation options, such as Advanced Reproductive Technologies (ART), may find it helpful to understand how these methods can provide peace of mind by preserving fertility for the future. ART offers a proactive step in fertility preservation, helping couples feel more secure in their family planning decisions.

It’s normal to experience a range of emotions during this time. By implementing these strategies and seeking support, you can take steps to manage your mind and take care of yourself during the IVF process.

Dr. Shikha Sardana is one of the best IVF specialist in Chandigarh. She is very friendly, easily approachable and helpful in providing all the necessary information about infertility treatment, its pros and cons and all possible options available. Her clinic is equipped with all latest technologies and tools to help you achieve your dream of becoming parents, through the process of Infertility Treatment.

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Procedure of HSG test

Here is how the HSG procedure is done:

1. You lie on your back with your feet placed as for pelvic examination
2. Vulvar region and vagina is cleaned with antiseptic solution
3. You are draped with sterile sheets
4. A vaginal speculum is inserted and local anaesthesia is given over cervix.
5. Then cervix is held with an instrument called vulsellum
6. Catheter is inserted into the opening of the cervix through the vagina.
7. Radio-opaque dye is injected through the catheter
8. Serial X-rays are taken demonstrating the dye filling the uterus and entering the tubes, outlining the uterine cavity and length of the tubes. Further, if the fallopian tubes are open the dye spills out into the abdominal cavity

When should I report to doctor?

Inform your gynecologist/ladies specialist doctor immediately, in case you develop fever, chills, severe or persistent abdominal pain, or foul-smelling vaginal discharge post HSG.

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But life doesn’t always go our way. Sometimes the couples are unable to conceive because of one or the other reasons.

So, such couples need to reach out for medical help but many times they find it difficult to take the first step. So, we are here to help you guide on how to start with fertility treatments.

When Should I go to a Fertility and Infertility Treatment Specialist?

At the outset, one should know that young couples who are trying to conceive should wait and try naturally for pregnancy for 12 months before embarking on any fertility treatments.

Yes, within 12 months of regular unprotected relations approximately 85% of couples do achieve pregnancy without medical assistance. Rest of the 15 percent of couples who are unable to conceive over these 12 months further need evaluation.

Further, it’s imperative to understand that if the lady is more than 35 years of age, earlier evaluation is warranted after 6 months of unsuccessful efforts to conceive. This is due to the observed age-related decline in fertility. In case you have any suspected or known problems that can hinder pregnancy, you should seek evaluation for infertility immediately, you should not wait for 12 long months.

These conditions that can limit fertility are menstrual disturbances irregular menses, infrequent menses, absent menses, or when there is any Known or suspected uterine or tubal disease, fibroids, endometriosis, etc.

In cases of Known or suspected male sub-fertility also, evolution should begin earlier. The treatment depends on the cause of infertility. We need to find out why exactly you are unable to conceive, what are the factors hindering pregnancy?

For Pregnancy to Happen:

The Basic Steps are:

The egg is released from a woman’s ovaries.

The egg is picked up by the fallopian tube and travels down the fallopian tube where it can meet sperm to become fertilized.

Then further it goes into the uterus and gets implanted.

So, all these steps are essential for getting pregnant.

About one-third of infertility cases can be attributed to male factors and about one-third to factors that affect women.

For the rest of one-third of infertile couples, infertility is caused by a combination of problems in both partners or, it is unexplained (in about 20 percent of cases, is unexplained)

What Can Cause Infertility in Women?

The most common female infertility factor is an ovulation disorder.

It accounts for up to 40% of infertility in women

It commonly results in obvious menstrual disturbances (infrequent menses/ absent menses oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea) but can be more subtle.

The most common causes of ovulatory dysfunction include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, weight gain or loss, strenuous exercise, thyroid dysfunction, and hyperprolactinemia.

Other causes of female infertility include blocked fallopian tubes, which can occur when a woman has the pelvic inflammatory disease, tuberculosis, or endometriosis (a sometimes painful condition causing adhesions and cysts).

Congenital anomalies (birth defects) involving the structure of the uterus and uterine fibroids are also associated with infertility.

A woman’s age can have a big effect on her ability to have a baby, especially as she enters her 30s and 40s. For a healthy woman in her 20s, the chances of conceiving each month is 20-25%. But by the time a woman is 40 years old, the chances are 6-8% or less.

The process of reproductive aging has traditionally centered on the principle that human oocytes peak in number during fetal life, undergo ovulation or atresia thereafter, and do not regenerate.

Ovarian reserve is defined as the number of oocytes remaining in the ovary, or oocyte quantity (oocyte number). Ovarian reserve, or oocyte quantity (oocyte number), is different from oocyte quality, which relates to the potential of a fertilized oocyte to result in a live-born infant.

Female infants are born with 500,000 to 1 million oocytes, follicular atresia and ovulation result in a slow depletion of oocyte number over time, and menopause subsequently ensues. Ovarian reserve correlates inversely with age, but there is considerable variation in ovarian reserve among women of the same chronologic age.

What Can Cause Infertility in Men?

The most common male infertility factors include low sperm numbers or low sperm motility. Sometimes it can be sexual dysfunction like erectile or ejaculatory dysfunction, oligospermia, azoospermia (no sperm cells are produced), and oligospermia (few sperm cells are produced)

So, these all can be the reasons of infertility.

How is The Fertility and Infertility Treatment Work Up Done?

And as it’s very clear that infertility can involve both female and male partners, Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile female should be accompanied by evaluation of the male partner. In fact, it’s the first step of your parenting journey. The fertility journey starts with figuring out the reason why you are unable to conceive.

The fertility evaluation needs a comprehensive medical, reproductive, and family history combined with a thorough physical examination and certain investigations.

Diagnostic evaluation for infertility should include an assessment of reproductive tract structure by Transvaginal Ultrasonography. This allows us to check the uterus and ovaries for abnormalities such as fibroids and ovarian cysts.

Then the ovulatory function is assessed by serial ultrasound for follicular study

The underlying cause should be sought because specific Fertility and Infertility Treatment may be indicated, and some conditions may have other health implications and consequences.

The patency of the fallopian tubes is assessed by HSG. It has been the standard test for tubal patency. Hysterosalpingogram is an X-ray procedure to see if the fallopian tubes are open and if the shape of the uterine cavity is normal. A catheter is inserted into the opening of the cervix through the vagina. Liquid containing iodine (contrast) is injected through the catheter. The contrast fills the uterus and enters the tubes, outlining the length of the tubes, and spills out their ends if they are open

Then ovarian reserve is tested by AFC and AMH.

Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin determinations can identify thyroid disorders and/or hyperprolactinemia, which may require specific treatment.

Then for the male factor most commonly done investigation is semen analysis. Further testing is required if semen analysis is abnormal

We conduct this infertility evaluation in a systematic, expeditious, and cost-effective manner so as to identify all relevant factors,

Initially, we always emphasize the least invasive methods for the detection of the most common causes of infertility.

At the same time the pace and extent of evaluation in your case, we take into account your preferences, patient age, the duration of infertility, and unique features of the medical history and physical examination.

What Are The Fertility and Infertility Treatment Options?

Finally, as per the diagnosis your treatment plan is made which can be either

• Ovulation induction with timed relations
• Ovarian stimulation with intrauterine insemination
• Or In vitro fertilization straightaway

Along with the common fertility treatment options like IVF, couples may also want to explore Advanced Reproductive Technologies (ART) for fertility preservation. ART can be a proactive step, allowing individuals to preserve their fertility for future family planning. Read more about ART for fertility preservation here.

We believe, with all this basic knowledge you will find yourself more confident while initiating and going through the Fertility and Infertility Treatment.

In case if you have any queries regarding Fertility and Infertility Treatment, you can call us on our number 7508909912

Dr. Shikha Sardana

MBBS MS DNB
IFS fellowship Reproductive medicine
Senior Consultant Milann Fertility Chandigarh

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What are we earning, at the end of the day? A healthy body and sound mind. And any ignored abnormality can mount up into a serious disease. Endoscopy is a procedure that helps in keeping the body’s organs under check so that they can function smoothly and anything that falls out of place can be determined timely.

What is endoscopy?

Endoscopy literally means ‘looking inside and that is what it does. It is a non-surgical procedure suggested by doctors to pinpoint the abnormality in a person’s body. An endoscope is used to examine a cavity or an organ in the body. There are many types of endoscopies but it is majorly used for the gastrointestinal tract. 

What is The Procedure for Endoscopy in Chandigarh?

An endoscopy may be performed by giving anesthesia or in a conscious state, depending on the organ and the condition of the patient.  The endoscopy procedure involves the insertion of an endoscope, which comprises an optical flexible tube with a camera. This tube is inserted via the mouth into the esophagus or via the rectum and into the large intestine. The purpose of this endoscopy procedure is to give a better view of the inner organs like the stomach, pancreas, large and small intestines, gallbladder, etc. Images may be clicked with the camera on the endoscope which can be used for further study. 

Is Endoscopy a major surgery?

Endoscopy is not a major surgical procedure but is sometimes used for performing minor surgeries or for taking biopsies. In this case, the endoscope is mounted with scissors or forceps to remove tissue for further lab examination. The timely detection of any abnormal growth can also prevent cancer. Endoscopy is preferred over full-blown surgery, if possible, as it is more convenient with negligible pain and provides quicker recovery to a patient.

What is Endoscopy used to Diagnose?

Endoscopy is mainly performed to check gut health and focuses on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which is all the organs of the human digestive system. However, there are many other types, such as those mentioned below:

• upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy: for esophagus and upper intestinal tract, i.e., stomach and upper part of the small intestine; via the mouth
• sigmoidoscopy: for the rectum and the lower part of the large intestine; via the anus
• colonoscopy: for colon; via the anus
• cystoscopy: for bladder; via the urethra
• enteroscopy: for small intestine; via mouth or anus
• ureteroscopy: ureter; via the urethra
• laparoscopy: for abdomen; cut made near the affected 
• hysteroscopy: for the uterus; via the vagina
• mediastinoscopy: for the area between the lungs; via cut above the breastbone
• laryngoscopy: for larynx; through mouth or nose
• bronchoscopy: for lungs; via nose or mouth
• arthroscopy: for joints; cut made near the affected joint 

What is ERCP? 

ERCP or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is also a type of endoscope. This procedure specifically aims at the upper digestive tract, pancreas, and gall bladder. It combines the X-rays of these areas along with the endoscopy. ERCP can also be used for taking biopsies of these areas. 

What are The Reasons for Endoscopy in Chandigarh?

Even something as minor as a stomach ache can demand an endoscopy. What one treats to be a minor issue might not be so for a doctor who judges on the basis of various symptoms and tests. To have a better understanding of the patient’s health and to prevent a major disease, a doctor can recommend endoscopy, as it gives a clear picture of internal organs and any tissue growth. 

In a general sense, endoscopy may be needed if a person has a severe or consistent stomach ache, ulcers, gastritis, blood in stool or urine, growth in the colon, gallstones, pancreatitis, chronic diarrhea or constipation, or any irregular change in bowel movements.

How to Prepare for Endoscopy in Chandigarh? 

It is advised to stop eating solid foods at least six hours before endoscopy. However, this duration may vary depending on the patient’s condition and the type of endoscopy being performed. Enema or laxatives may also be given. In some cases, if the patient is critical or the body organ where endoscopy is to be performed is sensitive, anesthesia may be given too. In either case, the doctor advises the patient beforehand. 

How Painful is Endoscopy?

Endoscopy is more uncomfortable than painful. The very thought of inserting a tube into the body makes one uncomfortable and hence this mental image adds up to the uneasiness and fear. In the majority of cases, the patient can go home immediately after the endoscopy procedure is completed. The patients are also advised to avoid alcohol for the next 24 hours and to take a liquid or semi-solid diet.

However, if the doctor has made an incision to insert the endoscope, then stitches are done and one needs to take care of the wound. And, a patient who was under sedation for an endoscopy, will have to wait for some hours before the doctor examines them and can permit them to go home. 

Contrary to the belief, a person faces no difficulty in breathing when the endoscope is inserted via the nose. 

What is the cost of an Endoscopy in Chandigarh?

The average endoscopy cost in Chandigarh procedure ranges from Rs 1,000 to 3,000. The price varies depending on the type of endoscopy being performed and can also go up to Rs 9,000 in some critical cases. 

Well, the above information has made your decision easier. And if you have been looking for a top gynecologist in Chandigarh to take care of your health and wellness, then visit the one that we mentioned in the end. With 11 years of experience under his belt, Dr. Shikha Sardana is known for performing advanced procedures with top-notch quality.

If you want to know whether and how she is able to do this so well in such a short period, just book an appointment with her today!

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